Monosacáridos y Polisacáridos

This comprehensive page details the classification and structure of carbohydrates, focusing on monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. The content is organized hierarchically, showing the relationships between different types of sugars and their molecular structures.

Definition: Monosaccharides are simple sugars classified by their carbon count, including trioses, tetroses, pentoses, and hexoses.

Example: D-ribose is an aldopentose, while D-ribulose is a ketopentose, demonstrating different carbonyl group positions.

Vocabulary:

• Aldopentoses: Five-carbon sugars with an aldehyde group
• Ketopentoses: Five-carbon sugars with a ketone group
• Homopolysaccharides: Polymers made of identical monosaccharide units
• Heteropolysaccharides: Polymers made of different monosaccharide units

Highlight: Polysaccharides serve two main functions:

1. Storage (e.g., starch)
2. Structural support (e.g., cellulose)

Quote: "Sólidas, cristalinas, solubles en H₂O, tienen propiedad reductora (grupo carbonilo)"

The page includes detailed molecular structures of various monosaccharides, disaccharides (including sacarosa and lactosa), and the classification of polysaccharides into homopolysaccharides (like amylose and cellulose) and heteropolysaccharides (such as pectins and gums).