Past Perfect Tenses

This section details the intricate relationships between past perfect simple and continuous forms.

Definition: Past Perfect Simple (had + past participle) describes actions that occurred before another past action.

Example: "They had been sleeping" demonstrates Past Perfect Continuous usage.

Highlight: Past Perfect Simple emphasizes results, while Past Perfect Continuous focuses on the progress of actions.

Vocabulary: Signal verbs include "already," "before," "by the time," and "yet" for Past Perfect Simple.

Present Tenses

The first page introduces fundamental present tense structures and their applications in English grammar.

Definition: Present Simple expresses habits, universal truths, permanent situations, and scheduled events.

Example: "Water boils at 100°C" demonstrates a universal truth in Present Simple.

Highlight: Present Perfect Simple uses have/has + past participle and is crucial for expressing unfinished activities and recent past actions.

Vocabulary: Present Continuous (-ing form) indicates actions happening now or around now, temporary activities, and future plans with specific details.

Example: "We're getting married in October" shows a future plan using Present Continuous.