Transcripción alternativa:

breves no se incluye got. Have you got a calculator? Yes, I have. NO Yes, have got. Imperatives Afirmativa Negativa Look at the book. Don't look at the book. Sit down. Don't sit down. La forma de imperativo coincide con la del infinitivo sin to. La negativa se construye con Don't seguido del infinitivo sin to. Uso El imperativo se utiliza para dar instrucciones y órdenes. Open your books. Read the text. Don't talk. Don't eat that. 82 Starter unit Countries and nationalities American (adj) /ǝ'merikən/ Argentina (n) /a:dzən'ti:nə/ Argentinian (adj) /a:dzən'tiniǝn/ Australia (n) /D'strelliə/ Australian (adj) /D'streilion/ Brazil (n)/brǝ'zıl/ Brazilian (adj) /brə'ziliən/ British (adj) /'britif/ Canada (n) /'kænədə/ Canadian (adj) /kə'nerdiǝn/ China (n) /'t fainə/ Chinese (adj) /t far'ni:z/ Colombia (n) /kə'lombiə/ Colombian (adj) /kə'lombian/ England (n) /'ingland/ English (adj) /'inglif/ France (n) /fra:ns/ French (adj) /frent f/ German (adj) /'d33:mən/ Germany (n) /'d33:məni/ Greece (n) /gri:s/ Greek (adj) /gri:k/ India (n) /india/ Indian (adj) /'Indian/ Ireland (n) /'arələnd/ Irish (adj) /'airif/ Italian (adj) /I'tælion/ Italy (n) /'Itəli/ Japan (n) /d3ǝ'pæn/ Japanese (adj) /dzæpə'ni:z/ Kenya (n) /'kenja/ Kenyan (adj) /'kenjan/ Mexican (adj) /'meksikǝn/ Mexico (n) /'meksikǝu/ Vocabulario Pakistan (n) /pæki'stæn, -'sta:n/ Pakistani (adj) /pæki'stæni, -'sta:ni/ Portugal (n) /'po:tfugl/ Portuguese (adj) /po:tfu'gi:z/ Russia (n) /'r^fə/ Russian (adj) /'r^fn/ Scotland (n) /'skotland/ Scottish (adj) /'skotif/ South Africa (n) /,sau 'æfrikə/ South African (adj) /,saue 'æfrikən/ Spain (n) /spein/ Spanish (adj) /'spænıf/ the UK (n) /də,ju: 'kei/ the USA (n) /oǝ ju: ,es 'er/ Turkey (n) /'t3:ki/ Turkish (adj) /'t3:k1f/ Starter unit Vocabulario The classroom bin (n) /bin/ book (n) /buk/ calculator (n) /'kælkjǝleitə(r)/ chair (n) /t fea(r)/ desk (n) /desk/ dictionary (n) /'dıkfnri/ door (n) /dɔ:(r)/ laptop (n) /'læptop/ notebook (n) /'noutbuk/ poster (n) /'paustə(r)/ school bag (n) /'sku:l,bæg/ wall (n) /wɔ:l/ whiteboard (n) /'waitbo:d/ window (n) /'windəu/ Prepositions of place behind /bi'haind/ between /bi'twi:n/ in /in/ in front of /,in 'frant əv/ next to /'nekst tə/ on /pn/ under /'Andə(r)/ School subjects Art (n) /a:t/ English (n) /'inglif/ French (n) /frent f/ Geography (n) /dzi'bgrəfi/ History (n) /'histri/ Maths (n) /mæ0s/ Music (n) /'mju:zik/ PE (n) /,pi: 'i:/ Science (n) /'salons/ Functional language Classroom language Be quiet! How do you spell 'goodbye'? Don't eat in lessons! What does 'notebook' mean? Can you repeat that, please? Put your hands up!. 84 Unit 1 Present simple: be Afirmativa Forma completa I am You are He is / She is / It is Forma contracta I'm You're He's / She's / It's Interrogativa Am I...? Gramática We're You're They're Negativa Forma completa I am not We are You are They are Uso El verbo be se utiliza para dar información sobre una persona, un lugar o un objeto. I am English. You are not He is not / She is not / It is not We are not You are not They are not Vigo is in Spain. The books are on the desk. La forma contracta se utiliza en el registro informal de la lengua oral y escrita. It's Monday today. You're late. Respuestas breves Yes, I am. Yes, you are. Yes, he is. Forma contracta I'm not You aren't He isn't/ She isn't/ It isn't We aren't You aren't They aren't Yes, she is. Yes, it is. Yes, we are. Yes, you are. Yes, they are. Unit 1 Gramática Are you ... ? Is he ... ? Is she ... ? Is it...? Are we ... ? Are you ...? Are they ... ? Uso La interrogativa con be se utiliza para formular preguntas sobre una persona, un lugar o un objeto. No, I'm not. No, you aren't. No, he isn't. No, she isn't. No, it isn't. No, we aren't. No, you aren't. No, they aren't. Nota: en las respuestas breves afirmativas, no se utiliza la forma contracta del verbo (Yes, I am. NO Yes, I'm.) 'Is Harry in your class?' 'Yes, he is! 'Are those pens blue?' 'No, they aren't! there is/ there are + a, an, some and any Afirmativa Singular Plural Negativa Singular Plural Forma completa There is a /an... There are some ... Forma completa There is not a / an... There are not any ... Forma contracta There's a /an... Forma contracta There isn't a / an... There aren't any... Uso La estructura there + be se utiliza para indicar si algo existe o no. There is a lift at school. There isn't a swimming pool. Cuando el sustantivo está en plural, se utiliza la forma de plural del verbo be. There are some chairs. There aren't any windows. En el registro informal de la lengua oral y escrita, se utilizan las formas contractas. Nota: no existe una forma contracta para There are. There's a big desk in my bedroom. There isn't a sofa and there aren't any chairs. There are four posters on the wall. There's a big TV. There's an orange door. Los artículos a y an se utilizan con los sustantivos en singular. Some y any se utilizan con los sustantivos en plural; some en oraciones afirmativas, y any en frases negativas. There are some books in my bag. There aren't any pens. 86 Unit 1 1.1 Family aunt (n) /a:nt/ brother (n) /'bradə(r)/ child (n) /t faild/ children (n) /'tfildrən/ cousin (n) /'kazn/ dad (n) /dæd/ daughter (n) /'dɔ:tə(r)/ father (n) /'fa:də(r)/ grandfather (n) /'grænfa:də(r)/ grandma (n) /'grænma:/ grandmother (n) /'grænmaðǝ(r)/ grandpa (n) /'grænpa:/ husband (n) /'hazbənd/ mother (n) /'maðə(r)/ mum (n) /m^m/ parents (n) /'peərənts/ sister (n) /'Sistə(r)/ son (n) /san/ uncle (n) /'Aŋkl/ wife (n) /warf/ Vocabulario 1.1 Extra vocabulary different (adj) /'difrənt/ end (n) /end/ new (adj) /nju:/ old (adj) /ǝuld/ start (n) /sta:t/ same (adj) /seim/ 1.2 Rooms and homes balcony (n) /'bælkəni/ bathroom (n) /'ba:Oru:m, -rum/ bedroom (n) /'bedru:m, -rum/ dining room (n) /'dainin ,ru:m,,rum/ fireplace (n) /'faiǝpleis/ garage (n) /'gæra:3, -rid3/ garden (n) /'ga:dn/ kitchen (n) /'kit fin/ lift (n) /lift/ living room (n) /'livin ,ru:m, ,rum/ patio (n) /'pætiou/ stairs (n) /steaz/ toilet (n) /'toilət/ Unit 1 Vocabulario 1.2 Extra vocabulary amazing (adj) /ǝ'meızıŋ/ beautiful (adj) /'bju:tifl/ fantastic (adj) /fæn'tæstik/ strange (adj) /streind3/ ugly (adj) /'Agli/ unusual (adj) /^n'ju:zuǝl/ 1.3 Extra vocabulary cat (n) /kæt/ dog (n) /dog/ fish (n) /f1f/ pet (n) /pet/ rabbit (n) /'ræbit/ reptile (n) /'reptail/ snake (n) /sneik/ 1.4 Functional language Giving personal information What's your first name / surname / date of birth/ nationality? What's your address/postcode / phone number / email address? Can I have an emergency contact number, please? How do you spell that, please? Sorry, can you repeat that, please? 1.5 Extra vocabulary alarm clock (n) /ǝ'la:m klbk/ bed (n) /bed/ bedside table (n) /'bedsaid 'teribl/ chair (n) /t fea(r)/ desk (n) /desk/ laptop (n) /'læptop/ sofa (n)/ 'saufə/ TV (n) /,ti: 'vi:/ wardrobe (n) /'wo:drǝub/ 88 Unit 2 Present simple: affirmative and negative Afirmativa 1/You/We/They eat He/She / It eats Negativa 1/You/We/They He/She / It Gramática don't eat doesn't eat fruit. fruit. Uso El present simple se utiliza para referirse a hábitos y acciones que se repiten. I watch TV every day. He gets up at seven o'clock. fruit. fruit. También se emplea el present simple para hablar de cosas permanentes y ciertas. We live in Africa. Elephants make a lot of noise. La forma afirmativa del present simple se construye con el infinitivo sin to. En la tercera persona del singular (he/she/it), se añade -so-es al verbo. I clean - he cleans you go - she goes you study - she studies they wash it washes I teach - she teaches Nota: cuando el verbo acaba en -y, esta se elimina antes de añadir -ies; si acaba en -sh o-ch, se añade -es. Unit 2 Gramática La forma negativa del present simple se construye con do not o does not + el infinitivo sin to. En el registro informal de la lengua oral y escrita, se utilizan las formas contractas. I don't eat fruit. She doesn't make breakfast. Present simple: questions Interrogativa Do Does 1/you/ eat fruit? we/they he/she/ it eat fruit? Do you make your bed? Does she live in the UK? Uso La forma interrogativa del present simple se utiliza para formular preguntas sobre hábitos y acciones que se repiten, o para descubrir si algo es permanente o cierto. Do they speak Spanish? Yes, they do. Does he listen to music? No, he doesn't. I you he she it En las respuestas breves afirmativas, se utiliza do o does; en las respuestas breves negativas, se emplea don't o doesn't. we Respuestas breves Yes, 1/ No, 1/ you/we/you/we/ they don't. No, he/ she/it doesn't. En preguntas encabezadas por Wh-, la partícula interrogativa se coloca al comienzo. Estas frases siempre incluyen do o does. What do you eat? NO What you eat? When does she watch TV? Subject and object pronouns Pronombres sujeto Pronombres objeto they do. Yes, he/ she/it does. me you him her it us you they Uso Los pronombres objeto siguen a un verbo o una preposición. I like chocolate. I like it. I play with my friends. I play with them. you them 90 Unit 2 2.1 Daily routine Vocabulario brush your hair (v) /,braf jɔ: 'heǝ(r)/ clean your room (v) /,kli:n jo: 'ru:m, 'rum/ eat fruit (v) ,i:t 'fru:t/ feed an animal (v) /,fi:d ən 'ænıml/ get changed (v) /,get 't feind3d/ get up early (v) /,get Ap '3:li/ go for a walk (v) /,gǝu, fər ə 'wɔ:k/ go home (v) /,gǝu 'hǝum/ have a bath / shower (v) /,hæv ə 'ba:0, 'Javə(r)/ make breakfast (v) /,meik 'brekfəst/ make the bed (v) /,meik də 'bed/ wash your hands (v) /,WDf jo: 'hændz/ 2.1 Extra vocabulary get paid (v) /,get 'peid/ in danger (prep + n) /,in 'deindzə(r)/ lake (n) /leik/ noise (n) /noiz/ volunteer (n) /vülən'tıə(r)/ 2.2 Free time activities chat online (v) /,tfæt Dn'lain/ do free running (v) /,du: 'fri: ,raniŋ/ go orienteering (v) /,gau oriǝn'tıərin/ go shopping (v) /,gǝu 'Jopiŋ/ go to the beach (v) /,gəʊ tə də 'bi:tf/ go to the cinema (v) /,gǝu tə də 'sinəmə/ hang out with friends (v) /,hæn aut,wid 'frendz/ Unit 2 Vocabulario listen to music (v) /,lisn tə 'mju:zik/ play an instrument (v) /,pler ən 'instrəmənt/ play computer games (v) /,pler kǝm'pju:tə geimz/ sing in a choir (v) /,siŋ,in ə 'kwalə(r)/ watch TV (v) /,wotf ,ti: 'vi:/ 2.2 Extra vocabulary boring (adj) /'borin/ dangerous (adj) /'deindzərəs/ exciting (adj) /1k'saitin/ fun (adj) /f^n/ interesting (adj) /'ıntrastin, 'intrestin/ scary (adj) /'skeəri/ 2.3 Extra vocabulary autumn (n) /'o:təm/ blossoms (n) /'blpsəmz/ boat (n) /bəut/ costumes (n) /'kostju:mz/ fireworks (n) /'faiǝ, w3:ks/ harvest (n) /'ha:vist/ spring (n) /sprin/ summer (n) /'samə(r)/ winter (n) /'wintə(r)/ 2.4 Functional language Making invitations What do you do on Fridays?. What time does it start/finish? How about Saturday?. When can we meet? Do you want to...? Are you free on Wednesdays?. Accepting and refusing invitations Sorry. I'm busy.. I play the piano on Fridays... Yes, that's fine.. That's good for me.. 92 Unit 3 Adverbs of frequency always usually often sometimes never 100% 80% 65% 50% 0% Gramática Uso Estos adverbios se utilizan para indicar con qué frecuencia realizamos las acciones. Cuando acompañan al verbo be, se colocan detrás de él. I am always in the canteen at 12.45. Assemblies are usually interesting. Sin embargo, los adverbios de frecuencia se colocan delante del resto de los verbos. We sometimes watch TV before school. Harry never goes to bed early. En la forma interrogativa, los adverbios de frecuencia siguen al sujeto. Are science lessons always fun? Do you often go to the library at break? Unit 3 Gramática like + -ing/ noun 1/You/We/They like He/She / It likes 1/You/We/They like He/She / It likes Do Does Do Does 1/you/ like we/they he/she/ it 1/you/ we/they he/she/ it like listening to music. listening to music? science lessons. science lessons? I like photography. I don't mind photography. I'm crazy about photography. I love photography. Uso La estructura like + verbo en -ing / sustantivo se utiliza para indicar que algo nos gusta. I like swimming. He likes after-school clubs. 1/You / We/They love it. He/She / It loves it. Para responder a preguntas que comienzan por Do you like ... ?, no se repite la forma en -ing o el sustantivo. En singular se utiliza it, y en plural, them. Do you like swimming? I love it. Do you like exciting sports? I love them. I hate photography. I can't stand photography. 1/ You / We / They love them. He/She / It loves them. También podemos expresar en qué medida nos gusta o no nos gusta algo. ........ ☹ 94 Unit 3 3.1 School canteen (n) /kæn'ti:n/ changing room (n) /'t feindzin,ru:m,,rum/ coach (n) /kaut f/ hall (n) /ho:1/ head teacher (n) /,hed 'ti:t fə(r)/ Vocabulario ICT suite (n)/,ai,si: 'ti: ,swi:t/ library (n) /'laibrəri/ playground (n) /'plergraund/ playing fields (n) /'plen fi:ldz/ science lab (n) /'salons ,læb/ sports hall (n) /'sports,ho:l/ staffroom (n) /'sta:fru:m, -rum/ 3.1 Extra vocabulary bell (n) /bel/ break (n) /breik/ dream (n) /dri:m/ luck (n) /'lak/ registration (n) /red31'streifn/ 3.2 Sports and sports equipment basketball (n) /'ba:skıtbo:l/ belt (n) /belt/ goggles (n) /'goglz/ hockey (n) /'hoki/ hoop (n) /hu:p/ ice skating (n) /'ais,skeitiŋ/ judo (n) /'d3u:dəu/ racket (n) /'rækit/ running (n) /'r^niŋ/ scuba diving (n) /'sku:bə daiviŋ/ skates (n) /skeits/ stick (n) /stik/ swimming (n) /'swimin/ tennis (n) /'tenis/ trainers (n) /'treinǝz/ wetsuit (n) /'wetsu:t/ Unit 3 Vocabulario 3.2 Extra vocabulary can't stand (v) /,ka:nt 'stænd/ hate (v) /heit/ love (v) /l^V/ (not) be crazy about (v) /(not) bi 'kreizi ə,baut/ (not) like (v)/(not) 'laik/ not mind (v) /(not) 'maind/ 3.3 Extra vocabulary meet (v) /mi:t/ ride (v) /raid/ spend (v) /spend/ stay (v) /ster/ wear (v) /weǝ(r)/ 3.4 Functional language Making suggestions How about playing ice hockey?. Let's do street dance. Shall we do fashion design? Why don't we go to the music club? Giving opinions That's a good / bad idea. That sounds interesting / boring / dangerous. I'm not sure. No, thanks! I don't want to do that. 100 Unit 5 Present continuous: affirmative and negative Sujeto + be (not) + forma en -ing del verbo Afirmativa flying. flying. flying. flying. flying. flying. flying. flying. Gramática Negativa I'm not You aren't I'm You're He's She's It's We're You're They're Nota: forma en -ing del verbo Con la mayoría de los verbos, se añade -ing. fly-flying eat - eating flying. flying. flying. flying. flying. flying. flying. flying. He isn't She isn't It isn't We aren't You aren't They aren't Cuando el verbo acaba en -e, esta vocal se elimina antes de añadir -ing. dive-diving practise - practising Con verbos acabados en vocal + consonante, la consonante se duplica, y se añade -ing. sit - sitting swim - swimming Uso El present continuous se utiliza para describir acciones que se están desarrollando mientras hablamos. I'm watching TV. He's writing an email. They're playing hockey. Present continuous and Present simple Unit 5 Gramática Present continuous: questions be + sujeto + forma en -ing del verbo Respuestas breves Interrogativa Am I flying? Yes, I am. Are you flying? Yes, you are. Yes, he is. Is he flying? Is she flying? Yes, she is. Yes, it is. Yes, we are. Yes, you are. Yes, they are. Is it flying? Are we flying? Are you flying? Are they flying? Preguntas encabezadas por partículas en Wh- What are you doing? I'm playing computer games. Uso La forma interrogativa del present continuous se utiliza para preguntar acerca de acciones que se están desarrollando mientras hablamos. Uso Present continuous = acciones que se dan mientras hablamos Present simple = rutinas y acciones que se repiten Nota: en respuestas breves, se incluye el verbo be, pero no la forma en -ing del verbo. 'Are you studying?' 'Yes, I am! 'Is he sailing a boat?' 'No, he isn't. Las frases en present continuous suelen contener expresiones como now y at the moment. We're having dinner now. What are you doing at the moment? No, I'm not. No, you aren't. No, he isn't. No, she isn't. No, it isn't. No, we aren't. No, you aren't. No, they aren't. Las frases en present simple suelen incluir adverbios de frecuencia. We often have dinner at 7.00 p.m. What do you usually do on Saturdays? Nota: verbos como think, like, love, hate y want no se utilizan en present continuous. I think sport is fun. We like football. NO I'm thinking sport is fun. We're liking football. 102 Unit 5 5.1 Action verbs build (v) /bild/ carry (v) /'kæri/ climb (v) /klaim/ close (v) /klǝuz/ dive (v) /darv/ draw (v) /drɔ:/ fly (v) /flar/ hold (v) /hould/ jump (v) /d3/mp/ open (v) /'aupan/ practise (v) /'præktis/ sail (v) /seil/ 5.1 Extra vocabulary balloon (n) /bə'lu:n/ blog (n) /blog/ huge (adj) /hju:d3/ model (n) /'mpdl/ tiny (adj) /'tarni/ 5.2 Equipment Vocabulario backpack (n) /'bækpæk/ binoculars (n) /bı'ndkjələz/ compass (n) /'kampǝs/ first-aid kit (n) /,f3:st 'eid ,kit/ insect repellent (n) /'Insekt ri pelant/ map (n) /map/ sleeping bag (n) /'sli:pin ,bæg/ sunscreen (n) /'Sanskri:n/ tent (n) /tent/ tools (n) /tu:lz/ torch (n) /to:ts/ waterproof jacket wo:tǝpru:f 'dzækit/ 5.3 Extra vocabulary audition (n) /ɔ:'difn/ charity (n) /'t færəti/ lively (adj) /'larvli/ musician (n) /mju'zijn/ try (v) /trai/ Unit 5 Vocabulario 5.4 Functional language Having a phone conversation Can I speak to ...? He/She isn't here at the moment. Who's calling? It's.... Do you want to leave a message? Can you ask him/her to call ... ? Please tell him/her... 96 Unit 4 Comparative adjectives Formación Adjetivos breves Se añade -er Gramática Adjetivos breves acabados en -e Se añade -r Adjetivos breves acabados en vocal + consonante La consonante se duplica, y se añade -er Adjetivos acabados en -y La -y se elimina antes de añadir -ier Adjetivos largos Se añade more delante del adjetivo London is bigger than Madrid. Books are more interesting than films. Superlative adjectives Formación Adjetivos breves Se añade-est Adjetivos breves acabados en -e Se añade-st Adjetivos breves acabados en vocal + consonante La consonante se duplica, y se añade -est Adjetivos acabados en -y La -y se elimina antes de añadir -iest La partícula than a menudo sigue al adjetivo en grado comparativo. I'm older than you. Adjetivos largos Se añade most delante del adjetivo Adjetivos irregulares ¡Hay que aprendérselos! Adjetivo fast strange big Unit 4 Gramática scary Adjetivos irregulares ¡Hay que aprendérselos! Uso Los adjetivos en grado comparativo se utilizan para comparar dos personas, lugares o cosas. frightening good bad Adjetivo cold strange hot dry popular good bad Comparativo El artículo the se añade delante del adjetivo en grado superlativo. I'm the youngest person in my family. Galicia is the wettest region in Spain. Maths is the most difficult subject I study. faster stranger bigger scarier more frightening better worse Comparativo coldest strangest hottest driest most popular Uso Los adjetivos en grado superlativo se utilizan para comparar una persona, un lugar o una cosa con otros dos elementos o más. best worst 98 Unit 4 4.1 Adjectives boring (adj) /'bɔ:riŋ/ cheap (adj) /tfi:p/ crowded (adj) /'kraudid/ dangerous (adj) /'deindzərəs/ difficult (adj) /'difikǝlt/ easy (adj) /'i:zi/ enjoyable (adj) /in'dzǝiǝbl/ exciting (adj) /1k'saitin/ expensive (adj) /ik'spensiv/ fast (adj) /fa:st/ frightening (adj) /'fraitniŋ/ high (adj) /hai/ long (adj) /IDŋ/ low (adj) /lǝu/ near (adj) /niǝ(r)/ noisy (adj) /'nizi/ quiet (adj) /'kwarət/ safe (adj) /seif/ short (adj) /fo:t/ slow (adj) /slǝu/ surprising (adj) /sǝ'praizin/ 4.1 Extra vocabulary queue (n) /kju:/ ride (n) /raid/ roller coaster (n) /'rəvlə kəustə(r)/ Vocabulario show (n) /Jou/ theme park (n) /'0i:m ,pa:k/ 4.2 Weather cloudy (adj) /'klaudi/ cold (adj) /kould/ dry (adj) /drai/ foggy (adj) /'fngi/ hot (adj) /hpt/ icy (adj) /'aisi/ rain (n) /rein/ snow (n) /snau/ sunny (adj) /'sani/ thunderstorm (n) /'0Andəstə:m/ warm (adj) /wɔ:m/ wet (adj) /wet/ windy (adj) /'windi/ Unit 4 Vocabulario 4.2 Extra vocabulary cloud (n) /klaud/ fog (n) /fbg/ heat (n) /hi:t/ ice (n) /ais/ rainy (adj) /'reini/ snowy (adj) /'snəvi/ storm (n) /'sto:m/ stormy (adj) /'sto:mi/ sun (n) /san/ wind (n) /wind/ 4.3 Extra vocabulary bring (v) /brin/ camera (n) /'kæmərə/ fly (v) /flai/ forget (v) /fa'get/ headphones (n) /'hedfǝunz/ journey (n) /'d33:ni/ ride (n) /raid/ travel (v) /'trævl/ trip (n) /trip/ 4.4 Functional language Asking for travel information What's the best way to get there? When's the next train? How long does the journey take? It takes about ... How often do the buses / trains leave? They go every 20 minutes / hour / two hours. How much is a ticket? Single / return