Definition: Present reporting verbs maintain the original tense when reporting immediate or current situations.

Example: "Darren says he's been too busy to write before" - tense remains unchanged due to present reporting verb.

Highlight: Modal verbs like would, should, could, might, ought to, and must generally remain unchanged in reported speech.

Vocabulary: Reporting verbs include admit, announce, answer, apologize, boast, claim, complain, reply, declare, explain, inform, insist, mention, offer, remind, and state.

Definition: Reported questions maintain the same tense changes as statements but follow different word order rules.

Example: "Do you like music?" becomes "He asked her if/whether she liked music."

Highlight: In reported questions, auxiliary verbs are removed and word order changes to "wh/if/whether + Subject + verb."

Vocabulary: Common reporting verbs for questions include enquire, request, want to know, and wonder.