Gas Laws and Measurements

This page delves deeper into gas measurements and introduces Boyle-Mariotte's Law.

Definition: Volume is the magnitude that expresses the space of a material, measured in cubic meters (m³).

Vocabulary: Temperature is measured in Kelvin (K), with the conversion formula T(K) = T(°C) + 273.

Highlight: Absolute zero is -273°C or 0K.

The page explains Boyle-Mariotte's Law in detail:

• At constant temperature, gas volume is inversely proportional to pressure
• Mathematical expression: P₁V₁ = P₂V₂ (T=constant)

Example: A practical calculation shows how to find final pressure when volume changes from 1.4m³ to 0.75m³ at constant temperature.

States of Matter and Physical Properties

This page introduces fundamental concepts about matter and its physical states. The content explores density relationships and basic gas properties.

Definition: Matter is anything that has mass and occupies volume.

Vocabulary: Density (d) is the relationship between mass (m) and volume (v), expressed as d=m/v.

Highlight: Unlike most substances, water is unique because its solid form (ice) has lower density than its liquid form.

Example: Aluminum, water, and air demonstrate how gases generally decrease in density as temperature increases.

The page also introduces key gas variables:

• Pressure (measured in Pascals)
• Volume
• Temperature

Quote: "Atmospheric pressure is 101,110 Pa and is measured with a barometer."