Particle Accelerators and Forces

This section covers applications of electromagnetic forces in particle accelerators and velocity selectors.

Definition: A velocity selector uses crossed electric and magnetic fields to select particles of specific velocity.

Example: In a cyclotron, particles follow a spiral path as they accelerate, with radius increasing with velocity.

Highlight: The force on a current element is given by Fm = I·l × B.

Electric Forces and Fields

This page introduces fundamental electromagnetic concepts starting with Coulomb's Law. The content covers electric forces, potential, and fields for various charge configurations.

Definition: Coulomb's Law describes the force between two point charges, proportional to their magnitudes and inversely proportional to the square of their distance.

Example: For a charged sphere, the electric field E = KQ/r² outside the sphere (r>R), while E = 0 inside.

Highlight: Electric potential difference between points relates to work done per unit charge: ΔV = Ed.

Vocabulary: Electric potential energy (Ep) represents stored energy in an electric field, measured in joules.